Showing posts with label Prayer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Prayer. Show all posts

Monday, May 20, 2013

Prayer is Essentially Corporate

In Opening To God: Lectio Divina and Life as Prayer, David Benner argues that,
Prayer should never be simply a private me-and-God matter. Such a view of Christian spirituality is far too egocentric. Recall the patter...in the Lord's Prayer, the Our Father. Our prayer may feel like our own, but we offer it as part of a community who address God collectively as "Our Father." (127)
This could be revolutionary to your prayer-life; it has been for mine in recent days.  Benner's argument is echoed in John Stackhouse's sermon on the Lord's Prayer which he preached at Regent College this past January.  I recommend Benner's book and Stackhouse's sermon (available for free download) as excellent resources on the praying-life.
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Friday, August 3, 2012

Learning How to Cry Out to God


One of the most helpful tools for learning how to pray is the book of Psalms.  Not only praying through the Psalms but also taking the time to understand the form and function of the various types of psalms is an excellent practice.  (For an overview of studying the Psalms see my series of posts beginning here.)  The most numerous type of psalm is the prayer for help, or as it is more commonly called, the lament (Mays, 21; Miller, 55).  Both James Mays and Patrick Miller have been a tremendous help to me by way of explaining the common structure of the lament psalms. Honorable mention goes to Walter Brueggemann (see bibliography below).

These are the most common elements of prayers for help: 
  1. Direct Address
  2. Petition
  3. Motivation
  4. Lament or Description of Trouble
  5. Expressions of confidence or trust
  6. Offer or vow 
These elements will vary in the order of their appearance, and one or two (in particular the offer/vow) may not appear at all in some instances.  When working through a psalm I find that identifying these elements proves to be extremely helpful.  The various elements are pregnant with implied meaning and purpose.  For instance, the typical address in the prayers for help is brief and distinctly personal.  This implies an urgency and a familiarity with the one addressed.  The use of motivation, or reasons to hear and answer the petition(s), typically draws upon an intimate knowledge of the one addressed, and/or a distinct history between the pray-er and the addressee.  At times the motivation is cloaked in praise which may appear at times to border on coercion.

Something that Patrick Miller points out in They Cried to the Lord, is that even outside of the Psalms the Old Testament is filled with prayers for help.  I'm sure I knew this, but my focus on the Psalms has been so narrow that I overlooked the value of considering the prayers for help throughout the rest of Scripture. Miller identifies and outlines these laments in Appendix 1: A Structural Outline of Prayers for Help and Intercession in Prose Texts (pp. 337-357).

Well, the New Testament also includes prayers for help, especially in the passion narratives.  I am currently studying Mark 14:26-52 which includes Jesus' prayer in the garden of Gethsemane.  This is an astounding example of a prayer for help.  It is also significant in that it puts the Old Testament laments into perspective.  Jesus fulfills and answers the deepest cries of the soul.*  Here's how I would outline Jesus' prayer in the garden according to the elements listed above:

ADDRESS                                     Abba, Father
MOTIVATION                                All things are possible for you.
PETITION                                     Remove this cup from me.
DESCRIPTION OF TROUBLE        [My soul is very sorrowful, even to death.]
CONFIDENCE                               Yet not what I will, but what you will.

It is worth noting that this particular address is far more intimate than the typical, "O Lord," "O God," or even "My God."  There is an aspect of motivation coupled with the address that is absolutely stunning and beautiful.  Also, the description of trouble is pulled down from verse 34.  It seems appropriate to include it here, because it clearly identifies the circumstance from which this prayer arises.  (The English text is that of the ESV.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY
James L. Mays, Psalms. Interpretation. Louisville: John Knox Press, 1994.
Patrick D. Miller, They Cried to the Lord: The Form and Theology of Biblical Prayer. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1994.
Walter Brueggemann, Praying the Psalms: Engaging Scripture and the Life of the SpiritWinona, MN: St. Mary's Press, 1982; 2nd Edition. Cascade Books, 2007.
_____, The Psalms and the Life of FaithMinneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995.

Note* - Today I stumbled across the abstract for Rebekah Ann Eklund's dissertation, Lord, Teach Us How to Grieve: Jesus' Laments and Christian Hope. unpublished (Duke Divinity School), 2012.  Eklund notes that, "lament has a dual function in the New Testament: it points to Jesus as the beginning of the fulfillment of lament’s cries, and it points forward to the consummation of God’s kingdom as guaranteed in Jesus’ resurrection" (iv).  With this I am hooked.  I downloaded her complete dissertation here, and am looking forward to reading more.

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Wednesday, August 1, 2012

The Biblical Story Viewed Through the Lens of Prayer


Address to God in the Bible and in human life generally moves back and forth between plea or petition and praise or thanksgiving.  In that movement, one is at the heart of what prayer is all about.  The Biblical story as a whole and in many of its parts may be charted along that movement also.  It begins in human address that is the cry of a suffering one (Gen 4:10), and it ends when those cries have ceased (Rev 21:1-4) and the world is filled with the praise of God (Psalm 150 and Revelation 19).  That movement, however, from plea to praise happens only because between those words to God things happen to transform the human situation or attitude and turn weeping to joy, tears to laughter. 
(Patrick Miller, They Cried to the Lord, p. 55)

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Friday, July 27, 2012

Prayer By Any Name

How do you pray?  What words would you use to describe your prayers?  Can prayer be silent?  When and where do you pray?  How would you describe your posture of prayer?

These questions are taken up in great detail in chapter two Patrick D. Miller's They Cried To the Lord: The Form and Theology of Biblical Prayer (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1994).   This is a stimulating study on the terminology, timing, locations, and actions associated with biblical prayers (focused particularly upon the OT). Miller reaffirms the case that the Scriptures do not limit pray-ers to one "correct" way of praying, but rather frees them by recognizing a variety of manners of communicating with God, a flexibility with regard to timing and location, and also appropriate, meaningful gestures.

This chapter is divided into three primary sections covering Terminology, Time and Place, and Gestures and Acts. 

The discussion of the terminology of prayer takes up the majority of space in which we are introduced to the variety of terms used in Scripture.  Identifying the terms used for communication between mankind and the divine is a task I've undertaken only on a limited scale and with reference to the NT.  This study is helpful and reads like an entry into NIDOTT.  Miller identifies general terms for communication, technical terms for prayer, and general terms of communication that have been adopted as technical terms for specific prayers (such as crying, complaining, and meditating).

What I learned from this is that prayer cannot be pigeon-holed into a single expression; for instance, "asking and receiving," or "obtaining answers."  Rather, prayer is a diverse act which is normally calm and controlled, often load and emotional, and sometimes quiet or silent altogether.

With regard to the time and place of prayer, Miller concludes:
Holy place and private room, sanctuary and sickbed are all places of prayer.  Set times and any time, morning and night are all times of prayer.  The Scriptures identify prayer as an act that could be set in particular moments and places and routinized in definite ways.  But it was not confined to such settings.  Formality and fixity interchange with openness and freedom in the time and place of prayer. (50, empahsis mine)
Questions about gestures and posture in prayer often meet inadequate answers and unbiblical reservedness.  At least that has been my experience up until lately.  The final section explores this issue with refreshing insight.  
"Praying is so much a verbal act, even if only in the mind, that one is inclined to neglect the nonverbal dimension that is frequently indicated in the texts.  But in ancient times as much or more than the present, dimensions of prayer were expressed with the body and in acts, movements, and gestures" (50).  
According to the OT data, sitting, laying prostrate, and kneeling convey a sense of humility before God, "that the conversation is not ordinary conversation" (50).  The upraised or outstretched hands in praise or petition "convey a sense of the transcendent, that prayer is directed beyond oneself and this world to the God who is in heaven" (51).  This posture is worth considering a bit further since it seems to provoke the most confusion, if not controversy.  Miller continues, 
All these gestures and actions serve to recognize that the act of praying to God, of setting one's case before God or presenting prayers in behalf of another in need, is not simply a routine action.  In some sense, one moves one's whole being into a stance of prayer.  There is a break from whatever is happening, an acknowledgement that now one is coming before God. ... Not all praying assumes a specifically holy ground, but this kind of action is not done matter-of-factly, and the reaching to heaven or to the holy place, the sanctuary, symbolizes that fact, that the very act of prayer takes one into another world, reaches out toward the transcendent. (51, emphasis mine)
What's interesting here is that we often accept "extreme gestures and acts" such as weeping and wailing, pulling the hair, tearing the cloths, fasting, etc.; yet we quibble about uplifted hands in public.  Hmmm!  Maybe we're missing something rich and vital to prayer, when we insist on strict restraint and propriety in all cases, especially when in public.

In summary, Miller writes, "However direct the encounter of prayer may be, however, open and assertive may be those who cry out and complain, there is no doubt that these are prayers of creature before creator, that anguish and anger do not belie the relationship" (54).
__________
Related:
Notes on the Introduction and Chapter 1

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Friday, July 20, 2012

Books that have Impacted My Christian Walk (Part 3 -Learning to Pray)

Of prayer, Thomas Watson wrote:‎

A godly man is much in private prayer.‎

‎…when a gracious heart is alone, it wrestles in prayer and ‎will not leave God till it has a blessing. A devout Christian ‎exercises eyes of faith and knees of prayer.‎

Private prayer keeps up the trade of godliness. When private ‎holiness is laid aside, a stab is given to the heart of religion. ‎‎(The Godly Man’s Picture, pp. 167-8)

John Baillie, a Scottish theologian born in 1886, produced a classic guide to private prayer ‎which was first published in 1936.  The title of this little book is A Diary of Private ‎Prayer. This is the third book that I would like to recommend to you in this series on Books that have Impacted My Christian Walk.  Of all the books that I have mentioned here, this is the one that I ‎hope gets the most use of all.‎

The dedicatory page of this little book simply states “For Ian”, who was then the ‎author’s fifteen year old son. Ian passed away in November of 2008 and expressed his ‎desire that this book be updated on account of the somewhat dated language it contains.  I have not ‎heard any more about an updated edition but it may very well be in the works.  ‎
However, if you are familiar with The Valley of Vision: A Collection of Puritan Prayers ‎and Devotions, you will quickly recognize that the language of Baillie’s Diary is much ‎easier to follow although it does make use of “thees” and “thous” throughout.‎

There are a good many helpful books on prayer, such as the works of E. M. Bounds, ‎Andrew MurrayD. A. CarsonBill Hybels, and Richard Pratt. However, the difficulty in ‎reading about prayer is that you often take up the task with a desire to pray, but then end ‎up spending most of your time reading rather than praying. ‎ I have loved using Baillie’s Diary because it guides me and teaches ‎me how to pray while directing me in prayer.  So, I learn to pray while I pray.

The prayers are purposefully Trinitarian.  They show variety of expression, and ‎adaptability to common life settings.  They are saturated in scripture and scriptural ‎language.  They are short guides that encourage further, deeper, experiential praying.‎  They are evangelical, grace-filled, Christ-centered, Spirit dependent and mission-oriented.‎

Two Examples
Permit me to offer you two examples which will give you a sense of the language used and which also happen to be the two places where the pray-er is lead in prayer with regard to reading.

Twenty-First ~ Morning
Leave me not, O gracious Presence, in such hours as I may ‎to-day devote to the reading of books or of newspapers.  ‎Guide my mind to choose the right books and, having ‎chosen them, to read them in the right way.  When I read for ‎profit, grant that all I read may lead me nearer to Thyself.  ‎When I read for recreation, grant that what I read may not ‎lead me away from Thee. Let all my reading so refresh my ‎mind that I may the more eagerly seek after whatsoever ‎things are pure and fair and true.‎
Sunday ~ Morning
O Thou who art the Source and Ground of all truth, Thou ‎Light of lights, who has opened the minds of men to discern ‎the things that are, guide me to-day, I beseech Thee, in my ‎hours of reading.  Give me grace to choose the right books ‎and to read them in the right way.  Give me wisdom to ‎abstain as well as to persevere.  Let the Bible have proper ‎place; and grant that as I read I may be alive to the stirrings ‎of The Holy Spirit in my soul.‎

Read the introductory post to this series: Thoughts on Christian Reading
Part 1 - Discipleship

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Reading Note: Patrick Miller on Biblical Prayer (Intro, Ch. 1)

I am currently working through Patrick D. Miller's They Cried To the Lord: The Form and Theology of Biblical Prayer (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1994) and am finding it to be dense, yet profitable.  This is a scholarly work dedicated to James L. Mays, whom I have come to greatly appreciate for his work on the Psalms (see here and here).

AUDIENCE
The audience for which Miller wrote is suggested by Michael Welker in his endorsement on the back cover--"This volume will become a standard work not only for exegetes but also for both practical and systematic theologians, for pastors, and for anyone interested in understanding the foundations of piety."  Having found numerous references to this work in commentaries and studies on the Psalms, I believe that Welker's statement has been amply validated.

The opening paragraph of Miller's Preface not only identifies the source from which these studies originated, but also grounds this work in a very practical setting: the classroom.  Miller writes,
This study of biblical prayer arises form teaching seminary students, pastors, and lay people about the Psalms and, more broadly, about prayer in Scripture.  All of these groups have taught me as I have taught them and thus have helped to shape this book in large and small ways. (xv)
So, we have here a book on the theology of prayer which was developed and cultivated in the crucible of the classroom in conversation with a variety of practitioners.  This sounds promising!

THEME
This book is introduced with the thought-provoking declaration that "No single practice more clearly defines a religion than the act of praying" (1).  Furthermore, by arguing that belief is shaped by prayer, Miller contends for the necessary interdependence and essential unity of prayer and the theological task.  He continues,
"So prayer and theology exist in relation to each other in a correcting circle, the one learning from the other and correcting the other.  Religious faith seeks not to think one way and to pray another but to come before God in a manner that is consistent with what we believe and profess about God and God's way and to think about God in a way that is shaped by the experience of actual encounter in prayer. Learning to pray teaches about God" (1).
AIM
The stated aim of this book is "to look fairly comprehensively and broadly at biblical prayer," yet this volume is not to be taken as "a theology of prayer in general," but rather "a theology of biblical prayer" (2).

"WHAT OTHER GREAT NATION HAS A GOD SO NEAR TO US?"*
Chapter 1, "Israel's Neighbors at Prayer," was an introduction to new territory for me, yet I found it fascinating to see the many parallels and contrasts between the examples of Mesopotamian prayers provided.  One lesson that stood out to me (and which is promised to be dealt with more fully later on in the book) was the note that whereas the prayers of Israel's neighbors typically accompanied sacrificial offerings and the biblical Psalms lack such ritual directions, nevertheless, "it is clear from references in the Psalms and the historical books that the biblical laments and thanksgiving songs were also accompanied by sacrifice.  In fact, the same Hebrew term, todah, designates both the thanksgiving song and the thanksgiving sacrifice" (31). This is helpful to keep in mind while reading the books of the Law and the Psalms.  The connection between the speech and actions of worship is significant.

Miller concludes this chapter with the following observation:
The commonality that does exist between Israel's prayers and those of its neighbors suggests structures and modes of prayer that are not precisely identical but sufficiently related that we can assume there is something universal here, that it is in the shared and common history that we learn what God seeks in prayer, that the modes receive a confirmation in part because they seem to be common human ways belonging to the creatureliness of every human being and the imperfect and partial effort on the part of the creature to communicate with the divine. (31)
I didn't expect to find so much in common although it is clear that, beyond the polytheistic and monotheistic differences between Israel and her early neighbors, the openness and freedom which Israel and all of her children enjoy in prayer is unmistakable.

____________________
* NOTE - I love connecting the dots between books, authors and history.  Here is a hint to the significance of the title chosen for the Festschrift in honor of Patrick Miller: Brent A. Strawn and Nancy R. Bowen (eds.), A God So Near: Essays on Old Testament Theology in Honor of Patrick D. Miller (Eisenbrauns, 2003).
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Wednesday, February 1, 2012

Eugene Peterson on Praying the Psalms and the Origin of The Message

It was after the initial publication of A Long Obedience in the Same Direction (IVP, 1980) that Eugene Peterson began work on The Message.  In the 20th Anniversary Preface to A Long Obedience (2nd edition, IVP, 2000), Peterson identifies the impetus for this "fresh translation of the Holy Scriptures."

In fact, the fifteen Songs of Ascents (Psalms 120-134) that provide the text here for developing "discipleship in an instant society" provided the impetus for embarking on the new translation. All I had in mind at first was translating the Psalms into the idiomatic North American language that I heard people using on the streets and in the shopping malls and at football games. I knew that following Jesus could never develop into a "long obedience" without a deepening life of prayer and that the Psalms had always been the primary means by which Christians learned to pray everything they lived, and live everything they prayed over the long haul.

But the people I was around didn't pray the Psalms. That puzzled me; Christians have always prayed the Psalms; why didn't my friends and neighbors? Then I realized that it was because the language, cadenced and beautiful and harmonious, seemed remote from their jerky and messy and discordant everyday lives. But when these Psalms were first prayed and written by our Hebrew ancestors, they were every bit as jerky and messy and discordant as anything we experience today. I wanted to translate them from their Hebrew original and convey the raw, rough and robust energy that is so characteristic of these prayers. I wanted people to start praying them again, not just admiring them from a distance, and thereby learn to pray everything they experienced and felt and thought as they followed Jesus, not just what they thought was proper to pray in church.
(Eugene Peterson, A Long Obedience in the Same Direction, page 12)
   

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Monday, August 16, 2010

"Prayer is the measure of the man, spiritually..." Packer

I am posting this primarily for my own exhortation.

Call to Spiritual Reformation, A: Priorities from Paul and His PrayersOne of the foundational steps in knowing God, and one of the basic demonstrations that we know God, is prayer—spiritual, persistent, biblically minded prayer. Writing a century and a half ago, Robert Murray M'Cheyne declared, "What a man is alone on his knees before God, that he is, and no more."

I do not write these things to manipulate you or to be engendering guilty feelings. But what shall we do? Have not many of us tried at one point or another to improve our praying, and floundered so badly that we are more discouraged than we ever were? Do you not sense, with me, the severity of the problem? Granted that most of us know some individuals who are remarkable prayer warriors, is it not nevertheless true that by and large we are better at organizing than agonizing? Better at administering than interceding? Better at fellowship than fasting? Better at entertaining than worship? Better at theological articulation than spiritual adoration? Better—God help us!—at preaching than praying?

What is wrong? Is not this sad state of affairs some sort of index of our knowledge of God? Shall we not agree with J. I. Packer when he writes, "I believe that prayer is the measure of the man, spiritually, in a way that nothing else is, so that how we pray is as important a question as we can face"? (J. I. Packer, in My Path of Prayer)
D. A. Carson, A Call to Spiritual Reformation, Baker, 1992 (my copy courtesy of Mark Gunn a reader of this blog. Thank you, again!)   

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Thursday, July 1, 2010

Baillie's A Diary of Private Prayer to be Updated

One of my favorite devotional resources is John Baillie's A Diary of Private Prayer (older HB edition).  Last week we received a notice that there are plans to modernize this little book and republish it in hardcover.  I think that this is an excellent idea.  Keep an eye out for new edition in the near future.  If I hear more about it, I'll update you.

Special thanks to John who left a note about this in the comments to this post.

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Wednesday, January 6, 2010

Personal & Family Devotional Resources (James Grant)

James Grant, who blogs at In Light of the Gospel (I recommend that you follow either via RSS or email subscription), has posted a very good list of resources for personal and/or family worship.  His list covers the following areas:

  • Resources for Family Worship & Discipline
  • Resources for Family Devotions
  • Spiritual Disciplines for the Christian Life
  • Prayer and the Christian Life

If I could be so bold as to suggest a few other titles (and I'm sure James did not expect his list to be exhaustive), I would recommend the following additions to this list.

The following titles deviate slightly from the type James has recommended under the heading "Spiritual Disciplines for the Christian Life," but I think that they are excellent for encouraging spiritual growth:
  • Paul David Tripp's Broken Down House: Living Productively in a World Gone Bad (Shepherd Press, 2009).  This is a simple, yet sound and foundational introduction to living the Christian life.  I read this through very quickly last summer just after it was released and was greatly humbled.  I gave a copy to a friend and recommended it to my dad who, in turn, has given away a handful of copies to others.  Last fall, our Bible study group chose this book for next group study.  Just before Christmas we finished working through Part One (Knowing).  Brent, one of our teachers, put together an excellent summary of Part One.  You are welcome to view/download it here.  This book has made for a wonderful group study.  I believe that we all have grown together as we have adjusted our view of God, ourselves, and living in this broken world with both humility and confidence.  Part Two is filled with practical and pointed application.  We just began our journeyt through this section this week. 
  • C. J. Mahaney's The Cross-Centered Life: Keeping the Gospel the Main Thing (Multnomah, 2002) is a short, excellent challenge to those of us who have been tempted to think that the Christian life begins with the Gospel but then moves on to something else.  Mahaney clearly shows us that the gospel (the cross-work and resurrection of Jesus Christ) not only introduces us to life in Christ, but that it also guides us and sustains us throughout life.  In 2006, Mahaney followed up with a second book titled, Living the Corss-Centered Life which also comes highly recommended.
  • Tullian Tchividjian's Unfashionable: Making a Difference in the World by Being Different (Multnohmah, 2009) is likewise excellent.  Tchividgian's challenge to the Church is to offer a Christian counter-culture to the world rather than conforming to the world's culture.  Tchividjian believes that people, especially estranged children of Christian families, are looking to the Church for something different, rather than the same thing they get everywhere else. The heart of this little book is a call to apply Ephesians 4-5 to our lives.  This book would make for an excellent starting point for a small group discussion, for personal study or for a family study (particularly for those families that have teenagers).
 Under the heading "Prayer and the Christian Life" I would include the following:
  • John Baillie's A Diary of Private Prayer (reprint, paperback edition, Fireside, 1996).  This is absolutely fantastic.  I have been using it throughout this past year and plan to continue doing so.  It is also excellent for helping you teach your children how to pray.  I recommend you search for a hardcover edition.  It will be more durable for frequent use.  Printing this in paperback was a foolish idea.
  • Andrew Murray's classic With Christ in the School of Prayer (reprint, Hendrickson, 2007). This is an excellent exposition of key passages in the NT related to Jesus praying or teaching his disciples to pray. Passages from the epistles are also included. In all, there are 31 short chapters, perfect for reading devotionaly throughout a month.
  • Bill Hybels' Too Busy Not to Pray (20 Anv Rev edition, IVP, 2008).  I found this book at the local library and checked it out not knowing what to expect. It turns out that his handling of the subject was very helpful. I appreciated his pastoral approach which supplied a more theological and expositional foundation to the subject of prayer. I didn't get to finish the book, but I was helped by the portions I read. Hybels aim was to convince Christians of the necessity and joy of praying to a God who hears. He offers an introduction to the ACTS system of praying (Adoration, Confession, Thanksgiving, and Supplication), although he readily admits that one program will not fit all persons. This is one of many helpful tools for pray-ers.
  • Leonard Allen's compilation The Contemporaries Meet the Classics on Prayer (Howard Publishing, 2003). This is another book that I found at the local library. It gathers together under 10 headings the best passages on prayer from classic works to contemporary works. Selections are included from John Bunyan, George Muller, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Jonathan Edwards, Andrew Murray, E. M. Bounds, C. S. Lewis, Simon Chan, Thomas Merton, Bill Hybels, Joni Eareckson Tada, Eugene Peterson , Walter Brueggemann, Richard Foster, and more. It is a fantastic volume to add to your library. The broad range of authors in one book is a treasure. This is a fantastic entry-point into the literature on prayer.

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    Wednesday, July 22, 2009

    Calvin Urges Christians to Pray with Passion

    I have been meditating upon the following passage from John Calvin's Institutes.
    Another rule of prayer is, that in asking we must always truly feel our wants, and seriously considering that we need all the things which we ask, accompany the prayer with a sincere, nay, ardent desire of obtaining them. Many repeat prayers in a perfunctory manner from a set form, as if they were performing a task to God, and though they confess that this is a necessary remedy for the evils of their condition, because it were fatal to be left without the divine aid which they implore, it still appears that they perform the duty from custom, because their minds are meanwhile cold, and they ponder not what they ask. A general and confused feeling of their necessity leads them to pray, but it does not make them solicitous as in a matter of present consequence, that they may obtain the supply of their need. Moreover, can we suppose anything more hateful or even more execrable to God than this fiction of asking the pardon of sins, while he who asks at the very time either thinks that he is not a sinner, or, at least, is not thinking that he is a sinner; in other words, a fiction by which God is plainly held in derision? But mankind, as I have lately said, are full of depravity, so that in the way of perfunctory service they often ask many things of God which they think come to them without his beneficence, or from some other quarter, or are already certainly in their possession. There is another fault which seems less heinous, but is not to be tolerated. Some murmur out prayers without meditation, their only principle being that God is to be propitiated by prayer. Believers ought to be specially on their guard never to appear in the presence of God with the intention of presenting a request unless they are under some serious impression, and are, at the same time, desirous to obtain it. Nay, although in these things which we ask only for the glory of God, we seem not at first sight to consult for our necessity, yet we ought not to ask with less fervour and vehemency of desire. For instance, when we pray that his name be hallowed — that hallowing must, so to speak, be earnestly hungered and thirsted after.

    (John Calvin, "Of Prayer" in Institutes of the Christian Religion. Translated by Henry Beveridge. 1845. III, ch. XX, no. VI.)
    • The words appearing in black, bold print highlight the various terms Calvin used to describe the passion with which we ought to pray.
    • The words appearing in red, bold print highlight the various terms Calvin used to describe the way we ought not to pray.
    • The words appearing in blue, bold print highlight the various terms Calvin used to describe God's response to thoughtless, emotionless prayers.

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    Saturday, June 13, 2009

    A Few More Sources on Prayer

    One of my latest reading interests has been prayer. Over the past month, or so, I have read and perused a handful of great books on prayer. My interest in this matter began with a decision to follow a particular pattern of prayer with my family. We began to pray through Baillie's A Diary of Private Prayer (see my earlier posts here, here and here) in the mornings. This has been a tremendously rich exercise for each of us.

    Another impetus was a Prayer Challenge associated with the reading of Paul Miller's new book, A Praying Life: Connecting With God in a Distracting World (NavPress, 2009). The plan was to read this book for thirty days, to implement some of the ideas presented in the book, and to report to the readers of this blog regarding my experience with this exercise. I must admit that I reluctantly joined the challenge. I realize that there is much that I need to learn about prayer and praying, and I certainly need to be more disciplined in the practice of prayer. However, I already had a handful of books waiting to be read, and this book was supplied as a PDF which made it even more difficult for me to handle.

    I decided to print off the first few chapters in very small print. After reading these pages, I felt like I had an idea of the direction Miller was taking. I went to the computer and began to scan through the rest of the book.

    What I found is that the basic principles are the same as you will find in many other classic works on prayer. After speed-reading through the book, I searched through my own shelves for books on prayer and began to compare them with what I had read in Miller's A Praying Life. Some of these titles where as follows:
    • With Christ in the School of Prayer by Andrew Murray (reprint, Hendrickson, 2007) - this is an excellent exposition of key passages in the NT related to Jesus praying or teaching his disciples to pray. Passages from the epistles are also included. In all, there are 31 short chapters, perfect for reading devotionaly throughout a month.
    • On Praying in the Spirit by John Bunyan (in Bunyan's 3 volume Works) - this is a classic and I thoroughly enjoyed reading it. In it is Bunyan's classic definition of prayer (you can find the quote here). The Banner of Truth Trust has reprinted this work along with Bunyan's The Throne of Grace in the Puritan Paperback series: Prayer by John Bunyan. Spanish: I just found that BOT also published a small volume titled La Oración combining The Nature of True prayer, by John Bunyan, and The Answer to Prayer, by Thomas Goodwin.
    • Too Busy Not to Pray by Bill Hybels (20 Anv Rev edition, IVP, 2008) - I found this book at the local library and checked it out not knowing what to expect. It turns out that his handling of the subject was very helpful. I appreciated his pastoral approach which supplied a more theological and expositional foundation to the subject of prayer. I didn't get to finish the book, but I was helped by the portions I read. Hybels aim was to convince Christians of the necessity and joy of praying to a God who hears. He offers an introduction to the ACTS system of praying (Adoration, Confession, Thanksgiving, and Supplication), although he readily admits that one program will not fit all persons. This is one of many helpful tools for pray-ers.
    • The Contemporaries Meet the Classics on Prayer compiled by Leonard Allen (Howard Publishing, 2003) - this is another book that I found at the local library. It gathers together under 10 headings the best passages on prayer from classic works to contemporary works. Selections are included from John Bunyan, George Muller, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Jonathan Edwards, Andrew Murray, E. M. Bounds, C. S. Lewis, Simon Chan, Thomas Merton, Bill Hybels, Joni Eareckson Tada, Eugene Peterson , Walter Brueggemann, Richard Foster, and more. It is a fantastic volume to add to your library. The broad range of authors in one book is a treasure. This is a fantastic entry-point into the literature on prayer.
    There are a handful of other book on my shelf on the subject of prayer, but these are the few I want to highlight for now. The frustration with so much to read on the subject of prayer is that you can easily read yourself out of praying. The key is to pray! When you reach for a book, hoping for a shot in the arm, it is helpful if that book provides quick, pointed, Scriptural and Spiritual motivation and encouragement. Many of the books that I have perused are drawn-out and filled with numerous anecdotes and discussions that, truly, are unnecessary. I especially liked the four books mentioned above because they obtain all of the positive characteristics I just listed.

    Miller's A Praying Life is a fine book and comes highly recommended by some well-known Christian leaders. It offers another great strategy for keeping up with specific prayer request and many will find this helpful. My disappointment with the book was that the chapters were too long and overloaded with anecdotes. I realize that the anecdotes serve to show what a praying life looks like, however, I found myself hungry for the meat, the exposition, the shot-in-the-arm that prepared me to get on my knees. (Every reader is different, so read this with a grain of salt.) If you wade through the full book, you certainly will be challenged to pray, but the progression from major point to major point is very slow. The text of the book covers more than 250 pages.

    The point of all of the books I read or perused is to avoid being stiff and systematic like a robot. Rather, I ought to take advantage of enjoying the intimate relationship I possess in Christ, full of frequent communication with my God and Savior. Miller makes this point well, as does Hybels.

    I have tried cards in the past. I have attempted to simplify a list onto one page with columns for each day of the week and specific requests/persons to remember on each day of the week. This is the pattern that a dear, sweet friend of ours utilized for years before passing away. She was a true prayer warrior and this method worked well for her and for everyone on her list (which included my dear wife and I). Each of these approaches have been helpful, but the point is not to be a slave to a system. Nor should we be a slave to a list of pre-recorded requests. Rather, whatever system you use, it is your servant to aid you in the discipline of praying. And whenever you pray, (as Bunyan put it) let it be an affectionate pouring out of [your] heart and soul to God.

    Exhortation to Prayer. (verse 2)
    William Cowper
    Olney Hymns

    Prayer makes the darkened cloud withdraw,
    Prayer climbs the ladder Jacob saw;
    Gives exercise to faith and love,
    Brings every blessing from above.

    Power of Prayer (verse 4)
    John Newton
    Olney Hymns

    Wrestling prayer can wonders do,
    Bring relief in deepest straits;
    Prayer can force a passage through
    Iron bars and brazen gates.

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    Sunday, May 3, 2009

    Quick & Helpful Sources on Prayer

    Very few books are too short, and most are too long! Maybe this is an over-exaggeration, but it tends to be the case with books dealing with the spiritual disciplines. Books on prayer ought to be only as long as is necessary to inform and motivate without being so long that there is no time left to pray. This makes sense to me!

    Well, if you are looking for a simple, straightforward and motivational place to begin reading on the topic of prayer, I recommend chapters 7 (Discipline of Devotion) and 8 (Discipline of Prayer) of R. Kent Hughes' Disciplines of a Godly Man. Although this books is geared specifically toward men, these two chapters are equally applicable to women.

    Why pray? Hughes answers this important question very simply offering two reasons:
    1. Because of what prayer does to our character.
    2. Because prayer bends our wills to God's will.
    I found his explanation of the first point to be very helpful. He writes, "Prayer is like a time exposure to God.... The more we expose our lives to the white-hot sun of His righteous life..., the more His image will be burned into our character -- His love, His compassion, His truth, His integrity, His humility" (p. 83).

    In chapter 8, Hughes identifies and briefly explains five aspects of prayer:
    1. In-spirited Prayer
    2. Continual Prayer
    3. Varied Prayer
    4. Persistent Prayer
    5. Intercessory Prayer
    Another source that is quick, helpful and a favorite of mine, is Thomas Watson's The Godly Man's Picture. Section 12 identifies the godly man as a praying man (pp. 87-96).
    A Christian is better after prayer. He has gained more strength over sin, as a man by exercise gets strength. The heart after prayer keeps a tincture of holiness, as the vessel favours and relishes the wine that is put into it. Having been with God on the mount, Moses' face shone. So, having been on the mount of prayer, our graces shine and our lives shine. This is the right kind of praying. The gift of prayer is ordinary, like culinary fire. But spiritual prayer is more rare and excellent, like elemental fire which comes from heaven. (93)
    Finally, you may consider reading John Bunyan's treatise On Praying in the Spirit (found in volume one of The Works of John Bunyan. This has also been published in the Puritan Paperbacks series by the Banner of Truth: Prayer by John Bunyan.

    Bunyan begins with What Prayer Is, and offers a classic definition:
    Prayer is a sincere, sensible, affectionate pouring out of the heart or soul to God, through Christ, in the strength and assistance of the Holy Spirit, for such things as God hath promised, or according to the Word, for the good of the church, with submission, in faith, to the will of God.

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    Saturday, May 2, 2009

    Prayer Challenge: A Praying Life by Paul Miller

    I've got bookmarks in about a dozen books, many of which I'd like to comment on at TheoSource. One book I recently started reading for the first time is Andrew Murray's With Christ in the School of Prayer (reprinted by Hendrickson in 2007). I heard about this book some years ago, but I had not looked at it very closely until a few weeks ago. Did you know that it has 31 short chapters, perfect for daily reading throughout a month? I was trying to read one chapter per day, but got away from it. I have picked it up again along with a few other books on prayer and will comment on them later.

    I also began two weeks ago to pray through Baillie's A Diary of Private Prayer (see my earlier posts here and here) with my family (mornings only). This has been a sweet and instructive exercise, and the kids look forward to it each morning. I highly recommend this to you!

    In the meantime, I was made aware of a new book on prayer that comes highly recommended. I was challenged to read through the book, apply some of the concepts to my prayer life for thirty days, and then share some of the lessons learned on the blog. The challenge is called Real Prayer in Real Time: A 30-Day Challenge and the books is A Praying Life: Connecting with God in a Distracting World by Paul E. Miller (NavPress, 2009).

    I began reading this book on May 1st. I read the first few chapters slowly and speed read through the rest. I will be reviewing it a bit more slowly and will be applying some of the concepts during the remainder of the month. This matter has been heavy upon my heart. I have already identified major problems in my view of and approach to prayer. I'm looking forward to growing in this area.

    Here are some details about this book:

    THE AUTHOR:
    Paul Miller is director of seeJesus.net, a discipling mission that develops interactive Bible studies. The PrayerLife Study and Seminar, which form the basis for the book A Praying Life, is the second curriculum released by seeJesus.net. The first curriculum, called The Person of Jesus Study, centers on what Jesus is like as a person and is equally effective with both Christians and non-Christians. Paul’s book Love Walked Among Us is based on The Person of Jesus Study and, similarly, is written for both Christians and non-Christians. Paul also teaches seminars that train people to lead the study with friends and neighbors.
    LENGTH: 288 pages

    CONTENTS: Five Parts (32 chapters)
      Introduction
      Part One: Learning to Pray Like a Child
      Part Two: Learning to Trust Again
      Part Three: Learning to Ask Your Father
      Part Four: Living in Your Father’s Story
      Part Five: Praying in Real Life
    ENDORSEMENTS:
    “Honest, realistic, mature, wise, deep. Warmly recommended.”
    J.I. PACKER, professor of theology, Regent College; author of Knowing God

    A Praying Life is a deeply moving testimony to God’s power in prayer. Paul Miller shares his life and biblical wisdom to instill in us, his readers, a ‘heart that becomes a factory of prayer’—that is, a passion to speak to God honestly and in a way that will change our life and the lives of others for whom we pray.”
    TREMPER LONGMAN III, PhD, professor of Biblical Studies, Westmont College; author of Reading the Bible with Heart and Mind

    “Paul Miller refuses to separate the spiritual life from the rest of our daily living. In A Praying Life, he shows the difference that constant communication with Christ makes in the everyday experiences of life, especially the life of the family. Reading this book will help you make prayer a more important part of your own life story by integrating prayer into the daily routines of life.”
    DR. PHILIP RYKEN, senior minister, Tenth Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; author of The Message of Salvation

    “This is as fine a book on prayer that you will ever read, but it is so much more. It is the story of our struggle to actually live like we believe that our Heavenly father really does love us. If we did, nothing could keep us from being committed to the day by day hard work of prayer. Paul exegetes our struggle in a way that is convicting, insight giving and encouraging. This is a book on prayer that actually makes you want to pray!”
    PAUL DAVID TRIPP, president, Paul Tripp Ministries; author of Instruments in the Redeemer's Hands, Age of Opportunity


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    Thursday, March 26, 2009

    John Baillie's A Diary of Private Prayer

    John Baillie, a Scottish theologian, was born on March 26, 1886. I am still learning about his life and ministry, but in the meantime I have been waiting for an opportunity to introduce to you his little book titled A Diary of Private Prayer (1936). It is regarded as a devotional classic and has been a tremendous blessing to me as I have used it over the past year.

    Many of you are familiar with The Valley of Vision: A Collection of Puritan Prayers and Devotions which is also an excellent devotional tool. I have turned to Baillie's book far more often for its readability, adaptability to your own praying, and clarity. I have found three or four copies at yard sales and flea markets for very cheap. You can also purchase and inexpensive paperback edition online.

    This book is designed to guide the worshiper in developing a regular pattern of offering morning and evening prayers. Here is this morning's prayer:
    O Thou to whom I owe the gift of this day's life, give to me also, I beseech Thee, the spirit to use it as I ought. Forbid that I should stain the brightness of the morning with any evil thought or darken the noontide with any shameful deed. Let Thy Holy Spirit breathe into my heart to-day all pure and heavenly desires. Let Thy truth inform my mind. Let Thy justice and righteousness make a throne within me and rule my errant will. Let Christ be formed in me, and let me learn of Him all lowliness of heart, all gentleness of bearing, all modesty of speech, all helpfulness of action, and promptness in the doing of my Father's will.

    O Thou who compassest the whole earth with Thy most merciful favour and willest not that any of Thy children should perish, I would call down Thy blessing to-day upon all who are striving towards the making of a better world. I pray, O God, especially--
    for all who are working for purer and juster laws:
    for all who are working for peace between the nations:
    for all who are engaged in healing disease:
    for all who are engaged in the relief of poverty:
    for all who are engaged in the rescue of the fallen:
    for all who are working towards the restoration of the broken unity of the Holy Church:
    for all who preach the gospel:
    for all who bear witness to Christ in foreign lands.
    Cast down, O Lord, all the forces of cruelty and wrong. Defeat all selfish and worldly-minded schemes, and prosper all that is conceived among us in the spirit of Christ and carried out to the honour of His blessed name.
    Amen.
    For more biographical information about Baillie, I would direct you to begin with The Baillie Project.
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    Sunday, November 16, 2008

    Beale's Prayer Against Idolatry

    I posted an excerpt from Beale's concluding prayer against idolatry here, and, today, Trevin Wax (Kingdom People) posted the entire prayer. I recommend this to you.


    G. K. Beale, We Become What We Worship: A Biblical Theology of Idolatry (October 2008). Paperback, 341 pages. List: $26.00



    NOTE: I have collected a lot of names for the book giveaway. Tonight is the final night to submit your name. The two winners will be announced in the morning.
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    Saturday, November 1, 2008

    Calvin on Prayer and The Christian Life FREE from ChristianAudio

    Just in! ChristianAudio has announced November's free audiobook. I'm heading over there to download it now.
    Calvin: Of Prayer and The Christian Life Free Audiobook of the Month -
    Calvin: Of Prayer and The Christian Life

    "Let the first rule of right prayer then be, to have our heart and mind framed as becomes those who are entering into converse with God." So begins John Calvin and his treatise on prayer. These seminal writings are from his Magnum Opus The Institutes of the Christian Religion. Prayer as Calvin describes it is not giddy, and he goes on to give Scriptural definitions of proper thought, engagement, and attitude. What do the roles of patience and self-denial play in the role of the Christian life and what does Christian piety look like? What should our views be of the present life and the future life? John Calvin is one of the giants of Christian history. These two sections of The Institutes guide us ever so thoughtfully and gracefully into his theology and practice of Christian living. Wonderfully narrated by James Adams, these are sure to both challenge and encourage one to a fuller devotion to Christ.

    Just use the coupon code NOV2008 during checkout. Add the download format of Calvin: Of Prayer and The Christian Life to your cart and then enter the coupon code NOV2008 when prompted during checkout.

    Narrator: James Adams
    Run Time: 4.5 hours
    Our Price: $0.00
    List Price: $14.98
    Coupon: NOV2008

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    Thursday, July 10, 2008

    John Calvin Encourages Us to Pray

    In remembrance of Calvin on his 499th birthday I’d like to highlight a passage from Institutes of the Christian Religion that has helped me to pray at times when it seemed futile to do so because of my faltering faith. This quote is from page 631 of the Henry Beveridge electronic edition, available from Christian Classics Ethereal Library.

    The thing which most of all [impairs] prayer, did not God indulgently interpose, is weakness or imperfection of faith; but it is not wonderful that this defect is pardoned by God, who often exercises his people with severe trials, as if he actually wished to extinguish their faith. The hardest of such trials is when believers are forced to exclaim, “O Lord God of hosts, how long wilt thou be angry against the prayer of thy people?” (Ps. 80:4), as if their very prayers offended him. In like manner, when Jeremiah says “Also when I cry and shout, he shutteth out my prayers” (Lam. 3:8), there cannot be a doubt that he was in the greatest [agitation]. Innumerable examples of the same kind occur in the Scriptures, from which it is manifest that the faith of the saints was often mingled with doubts and fears, so that while believing and hoping, they, however, betrayed some degree of unbelief, But because they do not come so far as were to be wished, that is only an additional reason for their exerting themselves to correct their faults, that they may daily approach nearer to the perfect law of prayer, and at the same time feel into what an abyss of evils those are plunged, who, in the very cures they use, bring new diseases upon themselves: since there is no prayer which God would not deservedly disdain, did he not overlook the blemishes with which all of them are polluted.

    I do not mention these things that believers may securely pardon themselves in any faults which they commit, but that they may call themselves to strict account, and thereby endeavour to surmount these obstacles; and though Satan endeavours to block up all the paths in order to prevent them from praying, they may, nevertheless, break through, being firmly persuaded that though not disencumbered of all hindrances, their attempts are pleasing to God, and their wishes are approved, provided they hasten on and keep their aim, though without immediately reaching it. (Italics added)


    What an encouragement to pray! What a gracious, merciful, and patient Father to pray to! Here is the prayer that comes to my mind right now: “Lord, I believe; help my unbelief” (Mark 9:24). As He heard and helped then, He will do so now, if only we will “always pray and not lose heart” (Luke 18:1).


    _________________________
    The Institutes of the Christian Religion (book):

    Two-volume hardcover, translated by John T. McNeill—$51.99 from Monergism Books

    One-volume, unabridged hardcover, translated by Henry Beveridge—$15.95 from Monergism Books
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    Monday, May 5, 2008

    Pray for the Land of Judson

    Last Saturday the Southeast Asian country of Myanmar, also known as Burma, was devastated by a powerful cyclone that left thousands dead or missing with many more homeless. MSNBC reports, “The death toll from the cyclone that ravaged Myanmar is expected to top 10,000, a senior official said Monday, with at least 4,000 people already listed as killed and nearly 3,000 others unaccounted for.” The former capitol city Yangon and the entire Irrawaddy Delta took a direct hit from the storm. The affected region is home to some 24 million people.

    The military-led Burmese government is slow to help their people and allow foreign aid into the country. With electricity out and drinking water scarce, a humanitarian crisis is unfolding in Myanmar.

    Pray that the Lord would move this government to fulfill its responsibilities to its people and allow other countries to help. Pray that people affected by the storm will receive shelter, medical treatment, and help in rebuilding. Pray that profiteers will not be allowed to continue their price-gouging for things like gas and food. The military junta ruling Myanmar plans to go ahead with its referendum on a draft constitution this coming Saturday, May 10. Pray that, if the Lord wills, the vote will turn the tide for the oppressed people and allow them greater freedom. Pray that the Lord will raise up servants to go to the hurting people with the gospel of Jesus Christ and show them the God of grace and comfort. Pray for greater openness to the gospel in Judson’s former field of service.

    American missionary Adoniram Judson (1788 – 1850) served over three decades in Burma preaching the gospel, translating the Bible into Burmese, and writing books to facilitate further language studies. His translation of Scripture is still in use. Judson’s desire was that he and his beloved Burmese listeners would “reach the Golden Shore.” Pray that the Lord will somehow use this calamity to continue the fulfillment of that worthy desire and to bring glory to Himself.


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    Thursday, January 31, 2008

    How To Pray for Missionaries

    My friend, AJ Gibson (a missionary serving in Monterrey, Mexico), offers two very helpful guides for praying for missionaries that I would like to recommend to you.

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